Releasing Wyoming Toads into the Wild

Cheyenne Mountain Zoo is one of only nine zoological and government facilities that breed the Wyoming toad, a species classified as extinct in the wild. This year we are the only breeding facility that will be holding back tadpoles for future wild release and letting them develop safely for one year in a captive setting – a program and study being called “Head Start.”

“The goal of the Head Start program is to increase the survival rate of the Wyoming toad upon reintroduction into the wild,” Jeff Baughman, Lead Conservation Highlands Animal Keeper, said. “Tadpoles have to overcome a lot of hurdles – finding food, being preyed on, metamorphosing into toads and then hibernating before winter. Our hope is that releasing one year olds will increase the survival rate of the species in the wild since they won’t have as many hurdles.”  

Most institutions involved in the captive breeding program don’t currently have room to expand their housing facilities needed to keep extra toads for one year. Our Zoo was able to add additional housing for 200 toads for the Head Start research project. The remaining 2,244 tadpoles born at the Zoo this year were released near Laramie, WY in June. A follow up assessment of the species was made in the area in July.

“Two other professionals and I conducted the wild release of tadpoles this year,” Baughman said. “For the first time ever, we monitored the released tadpoles for two weeks. We watched for predators, dispersion and evaluated water quality in an effort to learn more about tadpole behavior – something we still don’t know much about.”

The team went back to a separate release location near Laramie, Wyoming in July to attempt to locate Wyoming toads from past years’ releases.

“Since 2008, we’ve been very methodical in our observation and counting of theindividuals found in the wild,” Baughman said. “We use the same number of people, walk the same grid and count for the same amount of time. This year we were able to locate several over-wintered toads, a few over one year old and two mature toads (over two years old). It was a more positive outcome than we’ve seen in past years.”

After June’s release and July’s observations, Baughman is excited to see if the Head Start program will yield more survivors in future assessments.

In the early ’90s, Wyoming Toads were declared extinct in the wild and only a small captive population remained. In 2004, our Zoo joined the effort to save the species through captive breeding for reintroduction to the wild. Since joining the effort, 7,359 tadpoles from our Zoo’s breeding program have been released to their native territory.The species is still classified as extinct in the wild due to the population being unable to successfully sustain themselves thus far due to ongoing challenges in their habitat.  

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